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<rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" version="2.0"><channel><atom:link rel="hub" href="http://tumblr.superfeedr.com/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"/><description></description><title>Irymind</title><generator>Tumblr (3.0; @irymind)</generator><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/</link><item><title>Forth Week - Forth Challenge</title><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/566581300</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/566581300</guid><pubDate>Sun, 02 May 2010 17:48:20 -0400</pubDate></item><item><title>Third Week -Third Challenge</title><description>&lt;p&gt;Sul numero di aprile 2010 del mensile scientifico &lt;em&gt;Newton &lt;/em&gt;possiamo leggere un articolo, di Daniela Ovadia, intitolato &lt;em&gt;Uno specchio nel cervello&lt;/em&gt;. Come è facile intuire l&amp;#8217;articolo tratta della scoperta dei neuroni a specchio. Ovadia ripercorre alcuni dei più recennti studi che hanno portato risultati che testiminiano o in alcuni casi sembrano smentire l&amp;#8217;esistenza dei neuroni a specchio. Un recentissimo studio, condotto a Pisa da Pietro Pietrini, ha tentato di ripsondere alla domanda cognitiva se i ciechi potessero specchiarsi e come questo potesse avvenire. Pietrini spiega:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8221; quindi abbiamo osservato dei non vedenti per scoprire se i neuroni a specchio si risveglino anche al semplice ascolto di suoni legati alle azioni: è esattamente così. Il suono dell&amp;#8217;acqua versata dalla bottiglia nel bicchiere attiva, nel cieco congenito, esattamente le stesse aree che si attivano se esegue il movimento, in perfetto accordo con la teaoria dei neuroni a specchio&amp;#8221;. ( cit. &lt;em&gt;Newton&lt;/em&gt;, 2010, p.25)&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p&gt;Bibliografia:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Daniela Ovadia, Uno specchio nel cervello; in &lt;em&gt;Newton&lt;/em&gt;, ed. aprile 2010, pp. 20-25&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/562923319</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/562923319</guid><pubDate>Sat, 01 May 2010 05:36:00 -0400</pubDate></item><item><title>Video</title><description>&lt;iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/8100451" width="400" height="300" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/562823177</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/562823177</guid><pubDate>Sat, 01 May 2010 04:16:59 -0400</pubDate></item><item><title>FISIOTERAPIA: TRATTAMENTO DEL DOLORE FANTASMA DI UN ARTO AMPUTATO</title><description>&lt;a href="http://www.efisioterapia.net/articulos/leer.php?id_texto=158"&gt;FISIOTERAPIA: TRATTAMENTO DEL DOLORE FANTASMA DI UN ARTO AMPUTATO&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/561773530</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/561773530</guid><pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2010 18:31:55 -0400</pubDate></item><item><title>OCTOPUSES USE COCONUT</title><description>&lt;a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18281-octopuses-use-coconut-shells-as-portable-shelters.html"&gt;OCTOPUSES USE COCONUT&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/561729644</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/561729644</guid><pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2010 18:04:00 -0400</pubDate></item><item><title>ANIMAL COGNITION</title><description>&lt;a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognition-animal"&gt;ANIMAL COGNITION&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/561728147</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/561728147</guid><pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2010 18:03:00 -0400</pubDate></item><item><title>ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE </title><description>&lt;a href="http://www.animalintelligence.org/category/tools"&gt;ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE &lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/561728850</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/561728850</guid><pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2010 18:03:00 -0400</pubDate></item><item><title>CROW</title><description>&lt;a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/08/0808_020808_crow.html"&gt;CROW&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/561726599</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/561726599</guid><pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2010 18:02:00 -0400</pubDate></item><item><title>Photo</title><description>&lt;img src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_l14oiupZcA1qboehwo1_500.jpg"/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/533348526</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/533348526</guid><pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2010 10:35:18 -0400</pubDate></item><item><title>Second week - Second challenge</title><description>&lt;p&gt;First of all I have to define the concept of &amp;#8220;artefatto&amp;#8221; and what it represent in human life before trying to analize the use that other species make of it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;               &lt;em&gt; Un artefatto è un oggetto progettato o foggiato da una specifica attività umana, che non esisteva prima di quella attività e che non può essere compreso indipendentemente dall&amp;#8217;attività umana nella quale viene utilizzato e per la quale è stato, almeno parzialmente, concepito[&amp;#8230;]L&amp;#8217;uso dell&amp;#8217;artefatto trasforma l&amp;#8217;attività per la quale è stato progettato, la trasformazione riguarda sia la riorganizzazione delle modalità percettivo motorie di interazione con l&amp;#8217;ambiente[&amp;#8230;]che le modalitàdi pianificazione dell&amp;#8217;azione e delle relazioni sociali[&amp;#8230;]Nel modificare le attività un artefatto mette in relazione parti del nostro cervello che non sarebbero altrimenti entrate in risonanza, la loro possibilità di sincronizzarsi e costituirsi come pattern stabili di attivazione neurale dipende criticamente dalla presenza o meno di quel particolare artefatto all&amp;#8217;interno di una situata pratica sociale.&lt;/em&gt;(Antonio Rizzo, La natura degli artefatti e la loro progettazione, &lt;em&gt;Sistemi Intelligenti&lt;/em&gt;, a. XII n. 3 Dicembre 2000, pp 437-45)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A questa definizione possiamo aggiungere alcune considerazioni sulla base degli approcci della situated cognition e della distribuited cognition. Secondo il primo approccio la conoscenza viene a costituirsi nei rapporti tra individuo e ambiente, di cui fanno parte anche gli artefatti cognitivi. Dunque, gli artefatti cognitivi esprimono conoscenza in sè o nell&amp;#8217;uso che di essi viene fatto, non solo inglobano conoscenze ma sono anche in grado di comunicarle.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gli artefatti cognitivi sono stati inclusi nel concetto di ambiente, secondo l&amp;#8217;approccio della distributed cognition, insieme alle persone e alle determinanti spaziali e temporali. Perciò, nel prendere in considerazione un artefatto dobbiamo valuatare quanto esso si inserisca in una data cultura e il suo grado di complessità. A livelli di complessità più alti, l&amp;#8217;artefatto può manipolare la nostra conoscenza. Nel momento in cui entriamo in contatto con un artefatto si viene a instaurare tra quest&amp;#8217;ultimo e la nostra mente. Così l&amp;#8217;artefattop apparrà una concretizzazione della nostra mente e la nostra mente verrà modificata dall&amp;#8217;artefatto. Da questa interazione mente-artefatto si crea un sistema innovativo, la cd. mente tecnologica.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;BIBLIOGRAFIA:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Antonio Rizzo, La natura degli artefatti e la loro progettazione, &lt;em&gt;Sistemi Intelligenti&lt;/em&gt;, a. XII n. 3 Dicembre 2000, pp 437-452&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Oronzo Parlangeli, &lt;em&gt;Ecologia della mente. Ambienti sostenibili per contesti comunicativi, sociali e produttivi&lt;/em&gt; , CORECOM Regione Toscana, 25 settembre 2004, Firenze, pp 23-24&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/452485086</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/452485086</guid><pubDate>Tue, 16 Mar 2010 12:46:00 -0400</pubDate><category>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/08/0808_020808_crow.html</category><category>http://www.animalintelligence.org/category/tools/</category><category>http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18281-octopuses-use-coconut-shells-as-portable-shelters.html</category><category>http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognition-animal/</category></item><item><title>ARTEFACT</title><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/441710035</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/441710035</guid><pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 15:11:23 -0500</pubDate></item><item><title>Philosophy of Mental Representation, Meaning and Mental Representation, Languages of Art  </title><description>&lt;a href="http://science.jrank.org/pages/23025/representation.html"&gt;Philosophy of Mental Representation, Meaning and Mental Representation, Languages of Art  &lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/437125041</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/437125041</guid><pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:31:00 -0500</pubDate></item><item><title>Humbert L. Dreyfus on Embodiment
Dreyfus’s critique of...</title><description>&lt;iframe width="400" height="300" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/jhrGTrj4DOI?wmode=transparent&amp;autohide=1&amp;egm=0&amp;hd=1&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;showsearch=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Humbert L. Dreyfus on Embodiment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dreyfus’s critique of artificial intelligence (AI)&lt;/b&gt; concerns what he considers to be the four primary assumptions of AI research. The first two assumptions he criticizes are what he calls the “biological” and “psychological” assumptions. The biological assumption is that the brain is analogous to computer hardware and the mind is analogous to computer software. &lt;b&gt;The psychological assumption is that the mind works by performing discrete computations (in the form of algorithmic rules) on discrete representations or symbols&lt;/b&gt; (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Dreyfus"&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Dreyfus&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434862912</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434862912</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 11:30:00 -0500</pubDate></item><item><title>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT</title><description>&lt;img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_kyyzts3rah1qboehwo1_400.jpg"/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Department of&lt;a&gt; Brain and Cognitive Sciences &lt;/a&gt;at MIT&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434807446</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434807446</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 10:46:40 -0500</pubDate></item><item><title>Minds-and-Brains</title><description>&lt;iframe class="tumblr_audio_player tumblr_audio_player_434731534" src="http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434731534/audio_player_iframe/irymind/tumblr_kyyx0k5E8t1qboehw?audio_file=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tumblr.com%2Faudio_file%2Firymind%2F434731534%2Ftumblr_kyyx0k5E8t1qboehw" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" width="500" height="85"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Minds-and-Brains&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434731534</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434731534</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 09:45:00 -0500</pubDate></item><item><title>Neuroscience and Behavior</title><description>&lt;iframe class="tumblr_audio_player tumblr_audio_player_434719171" src="http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434719171/audio_player_iframe/irymind/tumblr_kyywjgBzEY1qboehw?audio_file=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tumblr.com%2Faudio_file%2Firymind%2F434719171%2Ftumblr_kyywjgBzEY1qboehw" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" width="500" height="85"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Neuroscience and Behavior&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434719171</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434719171</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 09:35:00 -0500</pubDate></item><item><title>MIT: Brain and Cognitive Sciences</title><description>&lt;a href="http://web.mit.edu/~bcs/"&gt;MIT: Brain and Cognitive Sciences&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434711697</link><guid>http://irymind.tumblr.com/post/434711697</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 09:29:28 -0500</pubDate></item><item><title>"FIRST WEEK - FIRST CHALLENGE"</title><description>“FIRST WEEK - FIRST CHALLENGE”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; - &lt;em&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Before trying to answer to the first question I have decided to think over the general meaning of representation. The notion of representation is generally used to express:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- the act to express something through signs, figures and images;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- the mental process to create an imago of reality;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- the storage and the recalling of the memories of things seen.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What does it mean? &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;After this consideration, let’s try to understand what is a representation for the CTM! In order to achieve this goal I have made a research on the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and I have found out that the notion of representation is a basic concept of the CTM, according to which the mind literally is a kind of computer and:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;cognitive states and processes are constituted by the occurrence, transformation and storage (in the mind/brain) of information-bearing structures (representations) of one kind or another.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;As such, a representation is “an object with semantic properties: content, reference, truth-conditions, truth-value, etc”.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Now that I have learn what is a representation for the CTM, let’s see what is a representation in semiotics and linguistics. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;First of all, I would like to compare the previous notion of representation with the notion of sign by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;He argued that, since all thought takes time, “all thought is in signs” and sign processes (semiosis) and that the three irreducible elements of semiosis are:    the sign (or representamen), the (semiotic) object, the sign’s subject matter, which the sign represents and which can be anything thinkable—quality, brute fact, or law—and even fictional, and the interpretant (or interpretant sign), which is the sign’s meaning or ramification as formed into a kind of effect that is a further sign, for example, a translation. Even when a sign represents by a resemblance or factual connection independent of interpretation, the sign is a sign because it is at least potentially interpretable. A sign depends on its object in a way that enables (and, in a sense, determines) interpretation, forming an interpretant which, in turn, depends on the sign and on the object as the sign depends on the object and is thus a further sign, enabling and determining still further interpretation, further interpretants. That essentially triadic process is logically structured to perpetuate itself and is what defines sign, object, and interpretant.An object either (1) is immediate to a sign, and that is the object as represented in the sign, or (2) is a dynamic object, which is the object as it really is, on which the immediate object is founded. […]Peirce said that, in order to know to what a sign refers, the mind needs some sort of experience of the sign’s object, experience outside, and collateral to, the given sign or sign system. In that context he spoke of collateral experience, collateral observation, collateral acquaintance, all in much the same terms. […]Peirce concluded that there are three ways in which signs represent objects. They underlie his most widely known trichotomy of signs: 1. ICON-This term refers to signs that represent by resemblance, such as portraits and some paintings though they can also be natural or mathematical. Iconicity is independent of actual connection, even if it occurs because of actual connection. An icon is or embodies a possibility, insofar as its object need not actually exist. 2. INDEX- Peirce explains that an index is a sign that compels attention through a connection of fact, often through cause and effect. 3. SYMBOL- Peirce treats symbols as habits or norms of reference and meaning. Symbols can be natural, cultural, or abstract and logical. They depend as signs on how they will be interpreted, and lack or have lost dependence on resemblance and actual, indexical connection to their represented objects, though the symbol’s individual embodiment is an index to your experience of its represented object.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Now I am able to make the first comparison:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;span id="tokens"&gt;&lt;span class="tag"&gt;&lt;a href="http://consc.net/mindpapers/7.1i"&gt;http://consc.net/mindpapers/7.1i&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="tag"&gt;&lt;a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognitive-science/RepComx"&gt;http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognitive-science/RepComx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="tag"&gt;&lt;a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-representation/"&gt;http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-representation/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="tag"&gt;&lt;a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-representation/Computation"&gt;http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-representation/Computation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="tag"&gt;&lt;a href="http://tennis.plus95.com/?l=IT"&gt;http://tennis.plus95.com/?l=IT&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="tag"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.interdisciplines.org/coevolution/papers/2/1"&gt;http://www.interdisciplines.org/coevolution/papers/2/1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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